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Related Concept Videos

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay (DAPA)
11:35

Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay (DAPA)

Published on: August 21, 2016

Sequence variation in genes and genomic DNA: methods for large-scale analysis.

K U Mir1, E M Southern

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom. Kalim@bioch.ox.ac.uk

Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics
|November 10, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Current technologies face challenges in large-scale DNA sequence variation analysis. This review examines current and emerging methods, focusing on DNA chip/array platforms for discovering single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay (DAPA)
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Large-scale analysis of genetic sequence variation is crucial for understanding diseases.
  • Existing technologies may lack the sensitivity, robustness, or scalability required for comprehensive genomic studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and assess current technologies for large-scale DNA sequence variation typing.
  • To evaluate the suitability of different platforms, with a focus on DNA chip/array technologies.
  • To identify emerging technologies for future genomic variation analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Survey of current platform technologies including mass spectrometry, homogeneous assays, and solid-phase/array-based assays.
  • Assessment of techniques for discovering and typing genetic variation, particularly single-nucleotide polymorphisms.
  • In-depth examination of DNA chip/array platforms and relevant large-scale studies.

Main Results:

  • Current technologies present limitations in sensitivity, robustness, and scalability for large-scale genomic variation analysis.
  • DNA chip/array platforms show promise for large-scale single-nucleotide polymorphism discovery and typing.
  • Large-scale amplification remains a challenge, necessitating the development of new approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Further technological advancements are needed to meet the demands of large-scale genomic variation analysis.
  • DNA chip/array technologies are a key focus for current and future large-scale genetic studies.
  • Emerging technologies are essential for addressing the challenges in genomic data generation and analysis.