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Molecular evolution of leptin.

C Doyon1, G Drouin, V L Trudeau

  • 1Department of Biology and Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics (CAREG), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.

General and Comparative Endocrinology
|November 13, 2001
PubMed
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This study explored the evolutionary links of leptin genes across mammals. Unexpectedly, bird leptin sequences closely matched rodent leptin, suggesting convergent evolution.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Leptin, a hormone primarily from adipocytes, regulates crucial physiological processes including food intake, metabolism, and reproduction.
  • Understanding the evolutionary trajectory of key hormones like leptin provides insights into mammalian diversification and adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary relationships of leptin genes across various mammalian species.
  • To compare mammalian leptin gene sequences with those of avian species to identify evolutionary patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Cloning and sequencing of partial leptin nucleotide sequences from six mammalian species: armadillo, rabbit, bat, skunk, raccoon, and beluga whale.
  • Phylogenetic analysis using the PUZZLE program to construct maximum-likelihood trees.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparative sequence analysis of mammalian and avian leptin genes.

    • Main Results:

    • Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the newly sequenced mammalian leptin genes cluster according to established mammalian evolutionary relationships.
    • Avian leptin sequences (chicken and turkey) exhibited high similarity (95%) to rodent leptins (mouse and rat), grouping with them in phylogenetic analyses.
    • Mammalian leptin sequences showed lower identity (approx. 80%) when compared to their closer relatives like rabbits and bats, contrasting with the high bird-rodent similarity.

    Conclusions:

    • The evolutionary relationships of leptin genes in the studied mammals align with current understanding of mammalian phylogeny.
    • The striking similarity between avian and rodent leptin sequences suggests that convergent or parallel evolution is the most likely explanation for this observation.
    • Further research into leptin evolution can illuminate conserved and divergent pathways in metabolic regulation across vertebrates.