Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate
Published on: April 24, 2018
Variable dimensionality from mononuclear and trinuclear to one and two dimensions: a series of copper(II) compounds
1State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory on Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
Abstract:
Reaction of 4,4'-dipyridine dioxide (dpdo) and CuCl(2).6H(2)O in aqueous solution gave an adduct [Cu(H(2)O)(6)]Cl(2).2dpdo.2H(2)O 1, which has a hydrogen-bonded three-dimensional network. While substituting CuCl(2).6H(2)O with Cu(ClO(4))(2).6H(2)O, three pseudopolymorphs, namely, [Cu(dpdo)(6)][ClO(4)](2) 2, [Cu(3)(dpdo)(8)(H(2)O)(6)][ClO(4)](6).2dpdo.6H(2)O 3, and [Cu(dpdo)(H(2)O)(4)][ClO(4)](2).2dpdo 4, were isolated. 2 consists of a mononuclear copper coordinated with six terminal dpdo ligands. Adjacent mononuclear units are overlapped through pi-pi stacking of pyridine rings to give a 2D sheet with a triangular channel. 3 forms a trinuclear cluster bridged by two dpdo molecules. The solvate and terminal dpdo molecules are interwoven through hydrogen bonding and pi-pi stacking to lead to a rectangular channel with a dimensionality of 12.98 A x 13.44 A. 4 has a one-dimensional chain structure bridged by dpdo. Two solvate dpdo ligands link these chains through hydrogen bonding to generate two sets of three-dimensional networks which are interwoven through a common conjunctive point [Cu(H(2)O)(4)](2+), yielding a three-dimensional open framework with triangular channels. ClO(4)(-) anions are included within these channels in 2-4 through weak C-H...O hydrogen bonding. The introduction of the second spacer, 4,4'-bipyridine, generated a 2D architecture [Cu(dpdo)(4,4'-bipy)][ClO(4)](2).2H(2)O.dpdo 5, which is constructed by 4,4'-bipy and 4,4'-dpdo simultaneously, exhibiting a large channel with approximate dimensionality 11.1 A x 12.6 A, in which solvate 4,4'-dpdo ligand and perchlorate anions are accommodated.
Related Concept Videos
Metal-Ligand Bonds
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Coordination Number and Geometry
Structural Isomerism
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Valence Bond Theory
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Colors and Magnetism
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
![[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F59739.jpg&w=3840&q=50)
