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Is preeclampsia an infectious disease?

L I Trogstad1, A Eskild, A L Bruu

  • 1Department of Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway. lill.trogstad@folkehelsa.no

Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica
|November 13, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Women seronegative for common viral infections may face higher preeclampsia risk. This suggests primary infections during pregnancy could be a key factor in preeclampsia development, warranting further research into microbial causes.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Paternal factors are implicated in preeclampsia etiology.
  • Primary viral infections in pregnancy may increase preeclampsia risk.
  • Investigating seronegativity to transmissible agents is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of seronegativity for specific viruses on preeclampsia risk.
  • To explore the role of primary infections in preeclampsia development.
  • To evaluate viral agents transmitted via close contact.

Main Methods:

  • Serum samples from 978 pregnant women analyzed for IgG antibodies.
  • Assessed antibodies against herpes simplex virus type-2, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus.

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  • Compared antibody status against Toxoplasma gondii and linked to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.

    • Main Results:

    • 33 (3%) women developed preeclampsia.
    • Seronegativity for studied viruses correlated with increased preeclampsia risk.
    • No similar pattern observed for Toxoplasma gondii seronegativity.

    Conclusions:

    • Seronegativity to viral agents transmitted by close contact appears linked to higher preeclampsia risk.
    • Primary infections during pregnancy may be a significant risk factor.
    • This suggests a potential new avenue for preeclampsia research focusing on microbial causes.