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Embryo transfer: techniques and variables affecting success
W B Schoolcraft1, E S Surrey, D K Gardner
1Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Englewood, Colorado 80110, USA.
Objective:
To review the literature on the variables affecting embryo transfer success or failure and to define technical factors associated with optimal outcome.
Design:
Literature review.
Results:
Avoidance of blood, mucus, bacterial contamination, excessive uterine contractions, and trauma to the endometrium is associated with optimal pregnancy and implantation rates after transcervical embryo transfer. A trial transfer, ultrasonographic guidance, and use of "soft" catheters appear to facilitate successful embryo transfer.
Conclusion:
An understanding of the variables associated with embryo transfer success together with adherence to techniques shown to facilitate atraumatic embryo transfer will enhance the efficiency of IVF by maximizing embryo implantation.