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Brain imaging in neurobehavioral disorders.

Y Frank1, S G Pavlakis

  • 1Child Study Center, Bronx Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx, New York 10457, USA.

Pediatric Neurology
|November 13, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Neuroimaging reveals brain circuit dysfunctions in neurobehavioral disorders like dyslexia, autism, and ADHD. Functional imaging trends suggest evolving insights into these complex conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurobehavioral Disorders
  • Brain Circuits

Background:

  • Neuroimaging studies are increasingly utilized for neurobehavioral disorders.
  • Anatomic and functional imaging reveal distinct patterns in dyslexia, autism, and ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review neuroimaging findings in dyslexia, autism, and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder.
  • To highlight evolving trends in functional neuroimaging analysis for these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of anatomic and functional neuroimaging studies.
  • Analysis of brain region abnormalities and network organization.

Main Results:

  • Dyslexia: abnormal planum temporale symmetry, phonologic processing deficits, and network organization issues.

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  • Autism: conflicting anatomic findings, temporal lobe abnormalities, and altered frontal-parietal interactions.
  • ADHD: suggested abnormalities in prefrontal and striatal regions.

    • Conclusions:

    • Neuroimaging studies, particularly functional analysis, show evolving trends despite contradictions.
    • Neurobehavioral disorders likely result from brain circuit dysfunction, with varied regional abnormalities.
    • Further research with defined populations and activation paradigms is needed to clarify pathophysiology.