Imaging the endometrium: disease and normal variants.

Area of Science:

• Gynecologic Imaging
• Diagnostic Radiology

Background:

• The endometrium exhibits diverse appearances across different life stages and conditions.
• Pathologies range from pediatric issues to pregnancy complications and postmenopausal bleeding causes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the spectrum of normal and abnormal endometrial imaging findings.
• To emphasize the importance of correlating imaging findings with clinical context.

Main Methods:

• Review of various imaging modalities including ultrasound (US), sonohysterography, hysterosalpingography, MRI, and CT.
• Correlation of imaging findings with patient age, menstrual cycle, pregnancy status, and hormonal therapies.

Main Results:

• Common endometrial pathologies include polyps, fibroids, hyperplasia, and adenocarcinoma.
• Tamoxifen use and intrauterine adhesions present distinct imaging characteristics.
• Imaging findings must be interpreted considering patient-specific factors.

Conclusions:

• Accurate diagnosis of endometrial disease relies on a comprehensive approach.
• Integrating clinical history and physical examination with imaging is crucial.
• Understanding factors influencing endometrial appearance optimizes diagnostic accuracy.