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Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain Components01:29

Electron Transport Chain Components

596
The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...
596
The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

18.8K
The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q...
18.8K
Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

109.6K
The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
109.6K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

8.6K
During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
8.6K
The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane01:41

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane

2.7K
The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
2.7K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

17.1K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
17.1K

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Related Experiment Videos

Extracellular electron transfer.

M E Hernandez1, D K Newman

  • 1Department of Environmental Engineering Science, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|November 15, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microorganisms generate energy through extracellular electron transfer, using small molecules to shuttle electrons. This process is vital for bacterial growth and may link diverse organisms in biofilms.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Microorganisms utilize extracellular electron transfer (EET) as a primary energy generation mechanism.
  • Bacteria employ redox-active organic small molecules for electron shuttling between compounds.
  • Electron shuttling is observed across diverse bacterial species and may facilitate inter-species metabolic links.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the general mechanism of extracellular electron transfer in microorganisms.
  • To explore the role of electron shuttling compounds in microbial energy generation and community interactions.
  • To examine the connection between electron shuttles and bacterial virulence factors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of laboratory results from multiple research groups.
  • Analysis of structural and functional data related to electron shuttling.
  • Literature synthesis on microbial energy metabolism and biofilm dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular electron transfer is a widespread microbial energy generation strategy.
  • Electron shuttling compounds can link diverse organisms, suggesting syntrophic relationships.
  • Biofilm environments are significant for metabolisms involving extracellular electron transfer.
  • Potential structural and functional relationships exist between electron shuttles and virulence factors.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular electron transfer is a fundamental process for microbial life.
  • Electron shuttling plays a key role in microbial ecology and evolution.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the link between electron shuttles and virulence.