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Antioxidants in exercise nutrition.

C K Sen1

  • 1Department of Surgery and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus 43210, USA. sen-1@medctr.osu.edu

Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|November 16, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Physical exercise increases oxygen uptake and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, potentially causing oxidative stress. Antioxidant supplementation may mitigate exercise-induced damage, but individual needs require careful consideration.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Nutritional science

Background:

  • Physical exercise significantly elevates whole-body oxygen uptake and muscle fiber oxygen flux.
  • Strenuous exercise can lead to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, overwhelming antioxidant defenses and causing oxidative stress.
  • Antioxidants, both endogenous and exogenous (dietary), are crucial for protecting tissues against ROS damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses in exercise-induced oxidative stress.
  • To evaluate the potential benefits of antioxidant supplementation in mitigating exercise-induced tissue damage.
  • To discuss the emerging understanding of oxidants as signaling molecules in physiological processes and their implications for exercise.

Main Methods:

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  • Review of scientific literature over the past two decades on exercise, oxidative stress, and antioxidants.
  • Analysis of the interplay between ROS generation, antioxidant capacity, and tissue damage during physical activity.
  • Examination of the dual role of oxidants as both damaging agents and signaling molecules.

Main Results:

  • Elevated ROS levels during strenuous exercise can exceed antioxidant capacity, leading to oxidative stress.
  • Antioxidant supplementation shows promise in reducing exercise-induced oxidative tissue damage.
  • Lower levels of oxidants may function as signaling molecules, contributing to beneficial exercise adaptations.

Conclusions:

  • While antioxidant supplementation can be beneficial for athletes, determining individual requirements is essential due to the complexity of oxidant-antioxidant balance.
  • The dual role of oxidants necessitates a nuanced approach to antioxidant intake, balancing protection against damage with potential signaling benefits.
  • A balanced diet rich in antioxidants, tailored to individual needs, is recommended for athletes engaged in strenuous exercise.