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Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...

Tooth Anatomy

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

Published on: February 23, 2024

Spaced dentition--open, close or redistribute?

S H Chay¹, K K Ho

¹Faculty of Dentistry, University of Singapore.

Annals of the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons

|November 17, 2001

Summary

Managing spaced dentition requires careful consideration of treatment options like closing or opening space. Individualized plans are crucial for optimal aesthetic and functional outcomes in orthodontics.

Area of Science:

Dentistry
Orthodontics
Dental Aesthetics

Background:

Spaced dentition (diastema) arises from hypodontia, tooth size discrepancies, or eruption issues.
Clinicians face a dilemma: close, open, or redistribute dental space.
Orthodontic space closure avoids prosthetics but may impact aesthetics and function.

Observation:

Opening space for prosthetic replacement is complex and demands long-term maintenance.
Congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors require careful evaluation for canine substitution.
Factors influencing canine substitution prognosis include overjet, lip support, and tooth morphology.

Findings:

Tooth-jaw size discrepancies cause either spacing or crowding.
Treatment decisions for spaced dentition depend on spacing location and overjet magnitude.

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

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A thorough occlusal analysis and personalized treatment plan are essential for successful outcomes.

Implications:

Careful planning is vital to balance orthodontic space closure benefits against potential aesthetic and functional compromises.
Prosthetic space opening may be preferred when orthodontic substitution is unfavorable.
Understanding the etiology of spaced dentition guides the selection of the most appropriate treatment strategy.