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Ethanol-antibiotic interactions at hepatic level.

G G Grassi, C Grassi

    International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmacy
    |April 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Chronic ethanol intoxication alters blood levels of rifampicin and isoniazid in rats, affecting drug efficacy. Alcohol and rifampicin significantly delayed BSP elimination, while isoniazid impacted it only with chronic alcohol exposure.

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology and Toxicology
    • Drug Metabolism and Interactions
    • Ethanol and Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics

    Background:

    • Ethanol (alcohol) consumption is common and can interact with various medications.
    • Rifampicin, isoniazid, and aminoglycoside antibiotics are crucial for treating infections, particularly tuberculosis.
    • Understanding drug interactions is vital for patient safety and treatment effectiveness.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of acute and chronic ethanol intoxication on the blood levels of rifampicin, isoniazid, and aminoglycoside antibiotics in rats.
    • To assess the influence of ethanol and these antibiotics on the bromosulphthalein (BSP) elimination rate.

    Main Methods:

    • Animal model: Rats were subjected to acute and chronic ethanol intoxication.

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  • Pharmacokinetic analysis: Blood levels of rifampicin, isoniazid, and aminoglycosides were measured.
  • Functional assessment: Bromosulphthalein (BSP) elimination rate was determined to evaluate liver function and drug clearance.

    • Main Results:

    • Acute ethanol intoxication did not alter blood levels of the tested antibiotics.
    • Chronic ethanol intoxication led to decreased rifampicin and increased isoniazid blood levels.
    • Rifampicin, alone or with alcohol, significantly delayed BSP elimination in both acute and chronic models. Isoniazid delayed BSP elimination only in chronic alcohol-treated rats.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic ethanol consumption significantly alters the pharmacokinetics of rifampicin and isoniazid.
    • Rifampicin poses a risk for delayed drug clearance, especially when co-administered with alcohol.
    • The interaction between isoniazid and alcohol on drug clearance is dependent on the duration of alcohol exposure.