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Flies, clocks and evolution.

E Rosato1, C P Kyriacou

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK. er6@leicester.ac.uk

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|November 17, 2001
PubMed
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The fruitfly circadian clock shares similarities with mammals, but variations in moth clock genes highlight diverse evolutionary paths. This suggests complex adaptations in circadian gene regulation across species.

Area of Science:

  • * Chronobiology
  • * Molecular Genetics
  • * Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • * The circadian clock regulates daily biological rhythms.
  • * Gene regulation of the circadian mechanism is conserved across species.
  • * The fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, serves as a model organism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To describe the negative feedback model for circadian gene regulation in Drosophila.
  • * To compare circadian clock gene function between insects and mammals.
  • * To investigate variations in clock gene regulation and sequence across species.

Main Methods:

  • * Comparative analysis of clock gene function in Drosophila and mammals.
  • * Examination of gene duplication and divergence, focusing on the timeless gene.

Related Experiment Videos

  • * Analysis of clock gene expression in the giant silk moth, Antheraea pernyi.
  • * Investigation of sequence variation and co-evolution of clock genes in flies.

    • Main Results:

    • * Conservation of clock molecule function between Drosophila and mammals, with some role swapping.
    • * Evidence of gene duplication and functional divergence in the timeless gene.
    • * Mismatched clock gene expression in Antheraea pernyi challenges simple negative feedback models.
    • * Significant sequence variation exists within and between fly species.

    Conclusions:

    • * Circadian clock mechanisms exhibit both conserved and divergent evolutionary patterns.
    • * Clock gene regulation in insects is more varied than initially suggested by fly-mammal comparisons.
    • * Co-evolution of clock molecules plays a role in the adaptive functions of the circadian phenotype.