Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 2, 2026
05:51
Coculture Analysis of Extracellular Protein Interactions Affecting Insulin Secretion by Pancreatic Beta Cells
Published on: June 15, 2013
[Insulin lispro]
1Utsunomiya Chyuo Hospital.
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|November 20, 2001
Summary
Insulin lispro, a rapid-acting insulin analog, demonstrated faster absorption and a quicker onset of action compared to regular human insulin. Clinical studies confirmed its efficacy in improving postprandial glucose control in diabetic patients without adverse effects.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology and Endocrinology
- Clinical Diabetes Management
Background:
- Insulin therapy is central to diabetes mellitus management.
- Rapid-acting insulin analogs aim to mimic physiological insulin secretion more closely.
- Clinical validation of insulin lispro in Japan was necessary to confirm its therapeutic profile.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize clinical study results for insulin lispro in Japan.
- To evaluate the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of insulin lispro.
- To compare insulin lispro with human regular insulin.
Main Methods:
- Single subcutaneous injection studies in healthy volunteers.
- Long-term, multicenter, randomized, comparative, parallel, open-label study in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients.
- Multiple injection method assessed over 12 and 24 weeks.
Main Results:
- Insulin lispro showed more rapid absorption and elimination compared to human regular insulin.
- It exhibited an earlier onset and more potent hypoglycemic action.
- Significant improvement in 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels was observed.
- HbA1c levels remained stable, and no adverse effects were reported over 48 weeks.
Conclusions:
- Insulin lispro is a safe and effective short-acting insulin for diabetes treatment.
- Its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile supports its use in managing postprandial hyperglycemia.
- Clinical studies in Japan confirm the therapeutic utility of insulin lispro.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment primarily uses...
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment primarily uses...
01:27Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery
Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into rapid-acting...
Short-acting insulins are divided into rapid-acting...
01:16Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
01:06Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides
Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...
01:24Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by the...
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by the...
01:30Production of Pharmaceuticals
Industrial insulin production uses genetically engineered E. coli expressing a proinsulin gene controlled by a tryptophan promoter and containing a methionine linker for later cleavage. The cells also carry ampicillin resistance for selective growth. Seed cultures are stored at −80 °C and production begins by thawing a small amount to inoculate starter cultures, which are progressively scaled to a 50,000-L bioreactor. In the bioreactor, E. coli grow in nutrient-rich media under sterile, tightly...