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Memory interference during language processing.

P C Gordon1, R Hendrick, M Johnson

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-3270, USA. pcg@email.unc.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|November 21, 2001
PubMed
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Working memory in language comprehension is affected by sentence complexity. Similar noun phrase types in complex sentences increase interference, impacting reading performance and comprehension accuracy.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Working memory is crucial for understanding complex sentences.
  • Sentence complexity can arise from embedded clauses and noun phrase (NP) types.
  • Previous research indicates object-extracted clauses are harder to comprehend than subject-extracted ones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of working memory in language comprehension.
  • To examine how sentence complexity, specifically clause type and NP type, affects reading time and comprehension accuracy.
  • To explore the influence of NP similarity on performance differences.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a self-paced reading task with college students.
  • Manipulated sentence structures, varying embedded clause types (object-extracted vs. subject-extracted) and NP types (descriptions, indexical pronouns, names).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measured reading time and comprehension accuracy as dependent variables.

    • Main Results:

    • Confirmed poorer comprehension for object-extracted compared to subject-extracted sentences.
    • Demonstrated that this performance difference is strongly influenced by the types of NPs present.
    • Found that sentences with two NPs of the same type showed a larger performance gap than those with NPs of different types.

    Conclusions:

    • Working memory's operation in language comprehension is sensitive to sentence structure and NP characteristics.
    • Similarity-based interference among NPs plays a significant role in sentence complexity effects.
    • These findings contribute to models of working memory, highlighting interference as a key factor in processing complex linguistic input.