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Serum and urinary magnesium during treatment of patients with chronic congestive heart failure

O O Oladapo1, A O Falase

  • 1Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences
|November 21, 2001
PubMed

Insights

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) patients exhibit higher urinary magnesium loss. Lisinopril treatment in CHF patients helps conserve magnesium, unlike other common medications.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Electrolyte disturbances are prevalent in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) patients, particularly with long-term therapies.
  • The impact of CHF and its treatments on magnesium levels remains less understood compared to potassium.
  • Common CHF medications like diuretics can influence electrolyte balance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate serum and urinary magnesium concentrations in patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF).
  • To evaluate the effects of lisinopril (ACE inhibitor), frusemide (diuretic), and digoxin on magnesium levels over 4 weeks.
  • To compare magnesium levels in CHF patients with healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 45 CHF patients (NYHA Class II-III) and 45 matched healthy controls were studied.
  • Serum and urinary magnesium were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry at baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks.
  • Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test.

Main Results:

  • Baseline serum magnesium was not significantly different between CHF patients and controls.
  • CHF patients showed significantly higher urinary magnesium excretion at baseline (p < 0.01).
  • Serum magnesium decreased significantly during treatment in most CHF patients, except for those on lisinopril.
  • Lisinopril-treated CHF patients exhibited the lowest magnesium excretion.

Conclusions:

  • Congestive Heart Failure patients experience increased urinary magnesium loss.
  • Lisinopril demonstrates a magnesium-sparing effect in CHF patients.
  • This suggests a beneficial role for lisinopril in maintaining magnesium homeostasis during CHF treatment.

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