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Related Experiment Videos

Left ventricular wave speed.

J J Wang1, K H Parker, J V Tyberg

  • 1Department of Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics, University of Calgary Health Science Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|November 22, 2001
PubMed
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Left ventricular (LV) wave speed (LVWS) is proportional to the square root of elastance, length, and area. This study experimentally confirmed theoretical predictions of LVWS in dogs, showing speeds from 1 to 10 m/s.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Hemodynamics

Background:

  • Left ventricular wave speed (LVWS) is a critical hemodynamic parameter.
  • Understanding LVWS provides insights into cardiac function and disease.
  • Theoretical models suggest LVWS depends on ventricular properties and blood characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally determine Left Ventricular Wave Speed (LVWS).
  • To validate theoretical predictions relating LVWS to ventricular elastance, dimensions, and blood compressibility.
  • To investigate LVWS under varying physiological conditions, including low preload.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurements in nine open-chest anesthetized dogs.
  • Calculation of LV elastance (E) from pressure-area loops.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measurement of LV cross-sectional area using ultrasonic crystals.
  • Determination of LVWS using pressure transducers and radiographic distance measurements.
  • Cardiac pacing and caval constriction to alter preload.

    • Main Results:

    • LVWS varied significantly between diastole (approx. 1 m/s) and systole (approx. 10 m/s).
    • Experimental results showed LVWS is proportional to the square root of ELA (elastance x length x area), aligning with theory.
    • The relationship between wave speed (c) and compressibility (gamma) yielded a slope of 0.546, closely matching the theoretical value of 0.5.
    • At near-zero compressibility (gamma <= 0), LVWS was approximately 1.5 m/s.

    Conclusions:

    • Experimental data strongly support the theoretical framework linking LVWS to ventricular elastance, dimensions, and blood properties.
    • The study provides empirical validation for the physics governing wave propagation in the left ventricle.
    • Findings contribute to a deeper understanding of ventricular mechanics and hemodynamics.