Characterization of the physiological substrate for lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferases I and II

L-Glycero-D-manno-heptopyranose is a characteristic compound of many lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core structures of Gram-negative bacteria. In Escherichia coli two heptosyltransferases, namely WaaC and WaaF, are known to transfer L-glycero-D-manno-heptopyranose to Re-LPS and Rd(2)-LPS, respectively. It had been proposed that both reactions involve ADPL-glycero-D-manno-heptose as a sugar donor; however, the structure of this nucleotide sugar had never been completely elucidated. In the present study, ADPL-glycero-D-manno-heptose was isolated from a heptosyltransferase-deficient E. coli mutant, and its structure was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry as ADPL-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptopyranose. This compound represented the sole constituent of the bacterial extract that was accepted as a sugar donor by heptosyltransferases I and II in vitro.