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Updated: Oct 3, 2026

A Revised Method for Inducing Secondary Lymphedema in the Hindlimb of Mice
Published on: November 2, 2019
Effects of microwave heating on systemic and local infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with chronic limb lymphedema
1Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200011, China. wgcao@sohu.com
Objectives:
To observe the characteristics of lymphocyte phenotypes in systemic and local skin and to evaluate the effects of microwave heating and bandaging treatment on chronic limb lymphedema.
Methods:
Totally 27 patients with lymphedema and 10 normal subjects were examined with alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) and avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC) immunohistochemistry for the observation of systemic lymphocyte phenotypes and inflammatory cell infiltration of skin tissues.
Results:
In the peripheral blood of patients with chronic limb lymphedema, the number of CD4 T lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4/CD8 decreased, while the number of CD8 T lymphocytes increased. Obvious dermal perivascular infiltration of T lymphocytes was also observed. After two courses of microwave heating and bandaging treatment, the number of CD4 T lymphocytes augmented and the decreased CD4/CD8 ratio returned to normal, and the number of CD8 T lymphocytes reduced. The perivascular T lymphocyte infiltration in the dermis resolved and the number of macrophages elevated.
Conclusion:
Microwave heating and bandaging treatment can regulate the imbalance of systemic and local immunity in patients with chronic lymphedema.
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