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In vitro analysis of experimental avian viral myocarditis
Abstract:
The cardiotropism of mumps virus in ovo was reproduced in vitro in a comparative study of the replication of mumps virus in cultivated heart, lung, and liver cells from 11-to 19-day-old chicken embryos. The increased proportion of virus-producing cells in the heart was shown not to be due to greater adsorption of virus to heart cells. Neither interferon nor other cellular inhibitory products were responsible for the lower level of production of virus by lung and liver cells. The proportion of cells producing virus in relation to the amount of virus adsorbed and the proportion of hemadsorbing cells that released infectious virus were greater in heart cells; this finding suggested more efficient viral release in the heart than at the other sites. Inhibition of protein synthesis by puromycin after infection rapidly stimulated the production of mumps virus only in liver cells. Thus a relatively late stage in viral synthesis may be attenuated in the less susceptible liver cells, and events late in viral synthesis may determine organ-related differences in the multiplication of mumps virus in ovo.
Insights
Mumps virus replicates more efficiently in chicken heart cells compared to lung or liver cells. This difference is due to more effective viral release from heart cells, not increased adsorption.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Cell Biology
- Embryology
Background:
- Mumps virus exhibits cardiotropism, affecting the heart.
- Understanding organ-specific viral replication is crucial for disease pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the in vitro replication of mumps virus in different embryonic chicken cell types.
- To elucidate the mechanisms underlying organ-related differences in mumps virus multiplication.
Main Methods:
- Comparative study of mumps virus replication in cultivated heart, lung, and liver cells from chicken embryos.
- Assessing viral adsorption, cell-associated virus production, and infectious virus release.
- Investigating the effect of puromycin on viral synthesis.
Main Results:
- Heart cells showed a higher proportion of virus-producing cells compared to lung and liver cells.
- Greater viral release, not adsorption, accounted for increased replication in heart cells.
- Puromycin treatment stimulated mumps virus production only in liver cells, suggesting late-stage synthesis differences.
Conclusions:
- Mumps virus replication efficiency varies significantly between different embryonic chicken organs in vitro.
- More efficient viral release from heart cells contributes to its cardiotropism.
- Late-stage viral synthesis events likely determine organ-specific multiplication differences.