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Pathogens spread from their reservoirs to susceptible hosts through three main routes: contact transmission, vehicle transmission, and vector transmission. Each route involves distinct mechanisms of transfer.Contact TransmissionThis category includes direct contact, indirect contact, and droplet transmission:Direct contact involves immediate physical interaction between individuals—such as a handshake—which can spread pathogens like Streptococcus pyogenes, the bacterium responsible for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Protocol for Dengue Infections in Mosquitoes (A. aegypti) and Infection Phenotype Determination
15:25

Protocol for Dengue Infections in Mosquitoes (A. aegypti) and Infection Phenotype Determination

Published on: July 4, 2007

Horizontal and vertical transmission of dengue virus type 2 in highly and lowly susceptible strains of Aedes aegypti

D T Mourya1, Gokhale, A Basu

  • 1National Institute of Virology, Pune, India. dtmourya@hotmail.com

Acta Virologica
|November 27, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Highly susceptible Aedes aegypti mosquitoes (DENh) showed a 7-fold higher vertical transmission rate of dengue type 2 virus (DEN-2) compared to lowly susceptible lines (DENl). This vertical transmission also enabled horizontal DEN-2 virus transmission.

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

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Published on: July 4, 2007

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Experimental Viral Infection in Adult Mosquitoes by Oral Feeding and Microinjection
08:02

Experimental Viral Infection in Adult Mosquitoes by Oral Feeding and Microinjection

Published on: July 28, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Vector-borne diseases
  • Medical entomology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are primary vectors for dengue viruses.
  • Mosquito susceptibility to viruses varies, impacting disease transmission dynamics.
  • Understanding transmission routes is crucial for dengue control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish and characterize Aedes aegypti mosquito lines with differential susceptibility to dengue type 2 virus (DEN-2).
  • To investigate the rates of oral and vertical transmission of DEN-2 virus in these established mosquito lines.
  • To explore the potential for horizontal transmission of DEN-2 virus from vertically infected mosquito progeny.

Main Methods:

  • Established isofemale lines of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with high (DENh) and low (DENl) susceptibility to DEN-2 virus via oral feeding and individual rearing.
  • Determined virus presence in probed bovine albumin phosphate saline (BAPS) using ELISA or intrathoracic inoculation.
  • Assessed oral and vertical transmission rates of DEN-2 virus in F13 generation mosquitoes.

Main Results:

  • F13 generation DENh lines showed 61% susceptibility to DEN-2, while DENl lines showed 25% susceptibility.
  • Oral transmission rate was 2 times higher in DENh lines; vertical transmission rate was 7 times higher in DENh lines.
  • Progeny from vertically infected mosquitoes demonstrated horizontal DEN-2 virus transmission, a novel finding for DEN-2.

Conclusions:

  • Isofemale lines of Aedes aegypti with distinct DEN-2 virus susceptibilities were successfully established.
  • Higher vertical transmission rates in DENh lines, especially from desiccated eggs, suggest potential in-embryo virus multiplication.
  • Horizontal transmission of DEN-2 by progeny from vertically infected mosquitoes has significant epidemiological implications for dengue spread.