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Changes in physical functioning in institutionalized older adults.

J Richardson1, M Bedard, B Weaver

  • 1Research Department, St Peter's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. jrichard@mcmaster.ca

Disability and Rehabilitation
|November 27, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Most residents in long-term care experience declining or stable physical function. Modifiable impairments like range of motion and balance are key targets for nursing and rehabilitation interventions to improve functional capacity.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Chronic and long-term care facilities aim to maximize resident functional capacity.
  • The Minimum Data Set (MDS) is a crucial tool for assessing resident health status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine changes in functional health among residents using the MDS.
  • To identify predictors of functional changes in a long-term care setting.

Main Methods:

  • 138 residents in a chronic/long-term care institution were assessed quarterly over 12 months using the MDS.
  • Physical functioning was evaluated through physical limitations (e.g., bed mobility) and disability (e.g., dressing).

Main Results:

  • Only 10% of residents showed improvement in physical functioning.

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  • Key predictors of functional activity changes included gender, baseline range of motion, bed mobility, and short-term memory.
  • Predictors for Activities of Daily Living (ADL) changes included gender, baseline balance, range of motion, depression changes, and weight loss.

    • Conclusions:

    • The majority of residents experienced functional deterioration or stability.
    • Impairments such as range of motion and balance are modifiable.
    • Interventions targeting these modifiable factors by nursing and rehabilitation staff are recommended.