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Laboratory studies to assess the risk of development of resistance to zoxamide

D H Young1, S L Spiewak, R A Slawecki

  • 1Rohm and Haas Co, Research Laboratories, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, USA. dyoung@dow.com

Pest Management Science
|November 28, 2001
PubMed

Insights

Developing resistance to zoxamide, a new fungicide, is unlikely in Oomycete pathogens. Studies show zoxamide poses a lower field resistance risk compared to metalaxyl.

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Mycology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Fungicide resistance is a major threat to crop protection.
  • Oomycete fungi, such as Phytophthora species, cause significant plant diseases.
  • Understanding the risk of resistance development to new fungicides is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the risk of field resistance development to zoxamide in Oomycete fungi.
  • To compare the ease of generating resistant mutants for zoxamide, metalaxyl, and dimethomorph.
  • To investigate the genetic basis for potential zoxamide resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory studies involving mycelial adaptation and chemical mutagenesis of Phytophthora capsici and Phytophthora infestans.
  • Isolation and characterization of fungicide-resistant mutants.
  • Determination of resistance factors for zoxamide, metalaxyl, and dimethomorph.

Main Results:

  • Attempts to generate zoxamide-resistant mutants via adaptation or chemical mutagenesis were unsuccessful or yielded low resistance factors (≤2.2).
  • Highly resistant mutants were readily obtained for metalaxyl using both methods.
  • Moderately resistant mutants were obtained for dimethomorph via chemical mutagenesis, but not adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • The diploid nature of Oomycetes and recessive target-site mutations likely hinder resistance development to zoxamide.
  • Zoxamide presents a significantly lower risk of rapid, high-level field resistance compared to metalaxyl.
  • Standard fungicide resistance management strategies should still be employed for zoxamide.

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