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Sickle cell and the brain
R J Adams1, K Ohene-Frempong, W Wang
1Department of Neurology, HB-2060, Medical College of Georgia, 1467 Harper Street, Augusta GA 30912-3200, USA.
Insights
Sickle cell disease commonly causes brain complications like stroke. This review covers stroke causes, diagnosis, and best treatments for both clinical and silent strokes in patients.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Hematology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a multisystem disorder.
- Neurological complications, particularly stroke, are a major cause of morbidity in SCD.
- Silent strokes also significantly impact cognitive function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of stroke in sickle cell disease.
- To discuss risk factors and diagnostic tools for both clinical and silent strokes.
- To examine neuropsychological function and current treatment options, especially in pediatric SCD patients.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on stroke in sickle cell disease.
- Analysis of risk factors, diagnostic modalities, and treatment strategies.
- Discussion of neuropsychological outcomes and prevention data.
Main Results:
- Stroke is a significant complication of sickle cell disease.
- Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing stroke risk.
- Neuropsychological deficits are common, particularly in younger patients.
Conclusions:
- Comprehensive management strategies are needed to address stroke in sickle cell disease.
- Further research is essential to improve prevention and treatment outcomes.
- Focusing on neuropsychological health is vital for long-term patient well-being.
Abstract:
Sickle cell disease affects many organ systems, but one of the major morbidities is brain disease, especially stroke. In this paper, the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of clinical stroke, as well as so-called "silent stroke," are examined. Risk factors, diagnostic tools, and data from prevention and treatment studies as well as issues pertaining to neuropsychological function, especially in younger patients, are discussed and current best options for treatment considered.