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Capsid protein gene variation among feline calicivirus isolates

T Horimoto1, Y Takeda, K Iwatsuki-Horimoto

  • 1Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan. horimoto@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Virus Genes
|November 29, 2001
PubMed

Insights

This study analyzed feline calicivirus (FCV) capsid protein gene sequences from Japanese isolates. FCV isolates show significant genetic variation, but phylogenetic analysis suggests a single genotype exists globally.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious pathogen causing respiratory and oral disease in cats.
  • Antigenic diversity among FCV isolates complicates vaccine development and disease control.
  • Understanding the genetic variability of FCV is crucial for effective management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic diversity of the FCV capsid protein gene in Japanese isolates.
  • To compare Japanese FCV isolates with international strains.
  • To assess the phylogenetic relationships and potential clustering of FCV isolates.

Main Methods:

  • Amplification of capsid protein gene fragments (C, D, E regions) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  • Direct sequencing of amplified gene fragments.
  • Alignment and phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences.

Main Results:

  • Significant heterogeneity was observed in the capsid protein gene sequences among Japanese FCV isolates.
  • Hypervariable regions within the capsid protein were confirmed, correlating with antigenic variations.
  • Phylogenetic analysis did not reveal distinct geographical or temporal clusters, supporting a single FCV genotype.

Conclusions:

  • The FCV capsid protein exhibits marked genetic diversity, primarily in hypervariable regions, leading to antigenic variation.
  • Despite regional variations, FCV appears to exist as a single genotype globally.
  • Further research into FCV genetic evolution and antigenic drift is warranted for improved diagnostics and vaccines.

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