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Pediatric obesity.

J A Yanovski1

  • 1Unit on Growth and Obesity, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1862, Bldg. 10, Rm. 10N262, Bethesda, MD 20892-1862, USA.

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders
|December 1, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Pediatric obesity, defined by BMI above the 95th percentile, affects over 10% of children and adolescents. Early intervention with lifestyle changes is crucial for managing immediate and long-term health risks.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Public Health
  • Childhood Obesity Research

Background:

  • Pediatric obesity is defined as a Body Mass Index (BMI) exceeding the 95th percentile for age and sex.
  • Current estimates indicate over 10% of children and adolescents are obese, with an additional 10% overweight.
  • Childhood obesity is linked to numerous immediate health issues, including orthopedic, neurologic, pulmonary, and cardiovascular disorders, alongside psychosocial and economic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the definition, immediate and long-term consequences, differential diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric obesity.
  • To highlight the significance of early identification and management of excess body weight in children and adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and large-scale surveys defining pediatric obesity using BMI percentiles.

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  • Analysis of associated health consequences, encompassing both immediate and long-term risks.
  • Examination of diagnostic approaches, including genetic syndromes and endocrine disorders, and current treatment modalities.

    • Main Results:

    • Pediatric obesity presents with a wide range of immediate health complications across multiple organ systems.
    • Long-term risks associated with childhood obesity, such as cardiovascular disease and mortality, persist independently of adult weight.
    • While genetic and endocrine factors can play a role, most cases lack a specific underlying diagnosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Comprehensive management at specialized centers, focusing on behavioral modification, diet, physical activity, and reduced sedentary time, is recommended.
    • Pharmacological treatments are not currently advised outside clinical trials.
    • Bariatric surgery is reserved for severe, life-threatening obesity complications in adolescents.