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Ross River virus: ecology and distribution.

Richard C Russell¹

¹Department of Medical Entomology, University of Sydney, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. richardr@icpmr.wsahs.nsw.gov.au

Annual Review of Entomology

|December 1, 2001

Summary

Ross River virus causes significant illness in Australia, leading to joint pain. Understanding its mosquito vectors and transmission is key to controlling this common Australian pathogen.

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Area of Science:

Medical Entomology
Virology
Public Health

Background:

Ross River virus is Australia's most frequent mosquito-borne disease, causing approximately 5000 human cases annually.
The primary symptom is debilitating polyarthritis, leading to significant morbidity, though the infection is not fatal.
The virus exhibits varying virulence strains and is active year-round across most Australian regions.

Purpose of the Study:

To detail the epidemiology of Ross River virus in Australia.
To identify the primary mosquito vectors and their regional significance.
To understand factors influencing disease transmission and inform control strategies.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on Ross River virus epidemiology.
Analysis of vector species distribution and seasonal activity.
Examination of host-pathogen interactions and transmission dynamics.

Main Results:

Native macropods are the presumed natural hosts, with horses and humans implicated in epidemics.
Vertical transmission occurs in mosquitoes, with specific species acting as key vectors.
Coastal vectors include Aedes camptorhynchus and Ae. vigilax; inland, Culex annulirostris is dominant, with other Aedes species also implicated.

Conclusions:

Ross River virus epidemiology is complex, influenced by vector species, environment, and host factors.
Control strategies must be tailored to regional circumstances and vector ecology.
Further research into vector control and transmission dynamics is warranted.

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