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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
09:53

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens

Published on: February 6, 2017

T cell responses modulated through interaction between CD8alphaalpha and the nonclassical MHC class I molecule, TL.

A J Leishman1, O V Naidenko, A Attinger

  • 1Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 10355 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 1, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Thymus leukemia antigen (TL), a nonclassical MHC class I molecule, binds CD8alphaalpha instead of CD8alphabeta. This preferential binding influences T cell receptor responses, revealing a new lymphocyte regulation pathway.

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Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector
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Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector

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Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
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Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
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Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector
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Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector

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Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
12:09

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Thymus leukemia antigen (TL) is a nonclassical MHC class I molecule.
  • TL is abundantly expressed on intestinal epithelial cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the binding preference of TL with CD8 coreceptors.
  • To understand the functional implications of TL-CD8alphaalpha interaction on lymphocyte regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized TL tetramer staining to identify CD8alphaalpha-expressing cells.
  • Analyzed the impact of CD8alphaalpha binding to TL on T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated responses.

Main Results:

  • TL preferentially binds the homotypic CD8alphaalpha, unlike other MHC class I molecules that bind CD8alphabeta.
  • TL tetramers specifically react with CD8alphaalpha-expressing cells, including intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes.
  • High-affinity binding of CD8alphaalpha to TL modulates TCR recognition of antigens presented by different MHC molecules.

Conclusions:

  • Identified a novel interaction between TL and CD8alphaalpha.
  • Demonstrated a new mechanism for lymphocyte regulation mediated by CD8alphaalpha and MHC class I molecules.