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Dietary intake, dietary patterns, and changes with age: an epidemiological perspective
1School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley 94720-7360, USA.
Summary
As people age, total energy intake significantly decreases, leading to reduced nutrient consumption. Many older adults fall short of recommended dietary allowances, highlighting a need for further research and public health initiatives.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Nutritional Science
- Public Health
Background:
- Dietary intake patterns change significantly with advancing age.
- Understanding these changes is crucial for maintaining health in older populations.
- Previous research indicates potential declines in nutrient consumption among the elderly.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe age-related changes in dietary intake.
- To assess nutrient consumption relative to recommended dietary allowances in older Americans.
- To identify research gaps and public health needs concerning nutrition in aging.
Main Methods:
- Review of cohort and cross-sectional data.
- Analysis of total energy intake changes across different age groups and sexes.
- Evaluation of nutrient intake against recommended dietary allowances.
Main Results:
- Total energy intake decreased substantially with age: 1000–1200 kcal in men and 600–800 kcal in women.
- Concomitant declines in most nutrient intakes were observed.
- Significant portions of older Americans consumed only 1/5 to 1/3 of recommended dietary allowances for certain nutrients.
Conclusions:
- Aging is associated with significant reductions in energy and nutrient intake.
- Many older adults do not meet recommended nutrient intake levels, posing potential health risks.
- Further research on nutrient requirements and public health interventions promoting adequate food intake and physical activity are essential for the aging population.