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Decreased food intake with aging.

J E Morley1

  • 1Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Saint Louis VA Medical Center, Missouri 63104, USA. morley@slu.edu

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
|December 4, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Aging leads to reduced food intake due to physiological changes affecting taste, smell, and stomach function. Hormonal shifts and central nervous system factors also contribute to decreased appetite in older adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Physiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Food intake naturally declines with aging.
  • This decline is multifactorial, involving peripheral and central mechanisms.
  • Sensory changes (taste, smell) and gastrointestinal alterations contribute to early satiety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the physiological reasons behind reduced food intake in aging.
  • To identify peripheral and central mechanisms influencing appetite decline.
  • To understand the role of hormones and neurochemical systems in age-related anorexia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of physiological changes affecting appetite.
  • Analysis of hormonal (cholecystokinin, testosterone, leptin) and neurochemical (dynorphin, neuropeptide Y) pathways.
  • Consideration of inflammatory markers (cytokines) and lifestyle factors (exercise).

Main Results:

  • Aging alters hedonic food qualities via taste and smell changes.
  • Reduced stomach fundus relaxation and faster antral filling contribute to early satiety.
  • Increased cholecystokinin sensitivity, decreased testosterone, and altered hypothalamic systems (dynorphin, NPY) impact food intake.
  • Inflammatory cytokines and potential benefits of exercise are noted.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related decline in food intake is complex, involving sensory, gastrointestinal, hormonal, and neural factors.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for addressing anorexia in older populations.
  • Further research into interventions like exercise may help mitigate appetite loss.

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