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Related Experiment Videos

"Stable" inertial cavitation.

C C Church1, E L Carstensen

  • 1Acusphere, Inc., 38 Sidney St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. church@acusphere.com

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
|December 4, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Surfactant-coated microbubbles like Sonazoid(R) undergo stable cavitation at 0.3-0.4 MPa. Fragmentation requires higher pressures, but bioeffects like petechiae occur at lower diagnostic levels (0.6 MPa).

Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Biophysics
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Microbubbles are used as contrast agents in medical ultrasound.
  • Understanding their acoustic behavior, particularly cavitation, is crucial for safety and efficacy.
  • Sonazoid(R) is a specific surfactant-stabilized microbubble contrast agent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare theoretical predictions of scattered pressure waves with experimental cavitation thresholds.
  • To determine the acoustic pressure thresholds for stable and inertial cavitation of Sonazoid(R) microbubbles.
  • To assess the relationship between acoustic exposure and potential adverse bioeffects.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of pressure wave scattering by free gas bubbles.
  • Acoustical measurements of cavitation thresholds for individual Sonazoid(R) microbubbles.

Related Experiment Videos

  • In vivo assessment of bioeffects (petechiae) at diagnostically relevant ultrasound exposures.

    • Main Results:

    • Surfactant-coated microbubbles exhibit stable inertial cavitation above 0.3-0.4 MPa at 2.5 MHz.
    • Irreversible bubble fragmentation typically necessitates pressures around 1.5 MPa.
    • Petechiae generation in skeletal muscle occurs at approximately 0.6 MPa at 2.5 MHz.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides critical data on the acoustic behavior of Sonazoid(R) microbubbles.
    • Adverse bioeffects can occur in vivo at pressures significantly lower than those causing bubble fragmentation.
    • Diagnostic ultrasound exposures must be carefully managed to minimize risks associated with microbubble cavitation.