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Mental disorders and cause-specific mortality.

M Joukamaa1, M Heliövaara, P Knekt

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. matti.joukamaa@oulu.fi

The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science
|December 4, 2001
PubMed
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Clinically diagnosed mental disorders, including schizophrenia and depression, significantly increase mortality risk in the general population. This study highlights the urgent need for integrated mental and physical healthcare to improve long-term health outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The association between clinically diagnosed mental disorders and overall mortality remains under-established in the general population.
  • Investigating the predictive value of mental disorders for cause-specific mortality is crucial for public health.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated the mortality risks associated with various mental health conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if clinically diagnosed mental disorders predict cause-specific mortality in a large, representative population sample.
  • To quantify the elevated mortality risk associated with specific mental disorders like schizophrenia and depression.
  • To examine differences in mortality risk between men and women with mental disorders.

Main Methods:

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  • A nationally representative sample of 8000 adult Finns was assessed for mental disorders using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-36) and the Present State Examination (PSE).
  • A 17-year follow-up period was utilized to track mortality events and causes of death within the study cohort.
  • Statistical analyses were performed to calculate relative risks of mortality associated with diagnosed mental disorders.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with a diagnosed mental disorder at baseline exhibited an elevated mortality rate compared to those without.
  • The relative risk of death was 1.6 for men and 1.4 for women with mental disorders.
  • Schizophrenia was associated with significantly higher mortality risks (RR 3.3 in men, 2.3 in women).
  • Increased risk of respiratory disease mortality was observed in both sexes with schizophrenia.
  • Neurotic depression elevated cardiovascular disease mortality risk specifically in men.

Conclusions:

  • Schizophrenia and depression are significantly associated with an increased risk of both natural and unnatural deaths.
  • Mental disorders represent a critical factor influencing long-term mortality in the general population.
  • Targeted interventions for individuals with schizophrenia and depression may help mitigate excess mortality.