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Hematuria in children.

H P Patel¹, J J Bissler

¹Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

Pediatric Clinics of North America

|December 6, 2001

Summary

Pediatric hematuria evaluation requires a tailored approach based on history and urinalysis. Most causes need a pediatric nephrologist, while urologist referral is for specific conditions like large kidney stones or trauma.

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Area of Science:

Pediatrics
Nephrology
Urology

Background:

Hematuria in children necessitates careful evaluation, as investigations vary by presentation.
A complete urinalysis with microscopic examination is the sole universally required laboratory test.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize common causes of pediatric hematuria.
To provide guidance on tailoring evaluations based on clinical presentation.

Main Methods:

Review of common causes of pediatric hematuria.
Emphasis on history, physical examination, and urinalysis findings.
Guidelines for referral to pediatric nephrologists and urologists.

Main Results:

Evaluation is individualized, guided by patient history, physical exam, and urinalysis.
Most pediatric hematuria cases are linked to medical conditions requiring nephrology consultation.
Urology referral is indicated for specific issues like spontaneous stone passage failure, large stones, trauma, or unexplained gross hematuria.

Conclusions:

A systematic, yet individualized, approach is crucial for diagnosing pediatric hematuria.
Nephrology referral is frequently necessary for managing underlying medical conditions.
Urological intervention is reserved for distinct, often surgical, indications.

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