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Related Concept Videos

RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2026

Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers
06:59

Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers

Published on: August 20, 2014

Elements of thermodynamics in RNA evolution.

E Kierzek1, E Biała, R Kierzek

  • 1Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań. rkierzek@ibch.poznan.pl

Acta Biochimica Polonica
|December 6, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Nature selected thermally stable RNA structures and sequences for efficient biological function. This study explores RNA folding stability, including 2-5

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • RNA molecules play crucial roles in various biological processes.
  • Understanding RNA structure and stability is key to deciphering its function.
  • Natural RNA sequences exhibit specific structural motifs and thermodynamic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between RNA thermal stability and the presence of structural motifs in natural ribonucleic acids.
  • To analyze the thermodynamic stability of 2'-5' and 3'-5' linked RNA.
  • To evaluate the contribution of dangling ends to RNA secondary (2D) and tertiary (3D) structures.

Main Methods:

  • Thermodynamic analysis of RNA folding.
  • Comparative analysis of different RNA linkage types (2'-5' vs. 3'-5').

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  • Examination of terminal nucleotide contributions (dangling ends) in RNA structures.

    • Main Results:

    • RNA sequences and structures with higher thermal stability were identified.
    • Specific contributions of dangling ends to RNA stability in 2D and 3D structures were elucidated.
    • Thermodynamic stability differences between 2'-5' and 3'-5' RNA linkages were discussed.

    Conclusions:

    • Natural selection favors RNA sequences and structures that are both thermally stable and functionally efficient.
    • Thermal stability is a significant factor in the evolution of RNA structures.
    • Understanding RNA thermodynamic properties provides insights into RNA's biological roles.