Exophthalmos. The more commonly encountered neurosurgical lesions

A recent discussion of exophthalmos prompted a review of the medical literature and revealed the absence of a report that summarized the diagnosis and management of the more important neurosurgical lesions that produce exophthalmos. A general survey of lesions producing either unilateral or bilateral exophthalmos was therefore conducted. The more common pathophysiologic entities that lend themselves to neurosurgical intervention was selected for review. The present manuscript aims to unify previous studies into an informative survey that combines isolated diagnostic and technical details into a single report.