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Related Experiment Videos

Morbilliviral dermatitis in seals.

T P Lipscomb1, M G Mense, P L Habecker

  • 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306-6000, USA. lipscomb@afip.osd.mil

Veterinary Pathology
|December 6, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Morbillivirus caused dermatitis in stranded hooded and harp seals. This first report details viral skin lesions in marine mammals, highlighting a new disease concern.

Area of Science:

  • Marine Mammal Health
  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Wildlife Disease Surveillance

Background:

  • Stranding events of juvenile hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) and harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) on the New Jersey coast prompted investigation.
  • Both seals presented with severe emaciation, lethargy, and dermatitis, ultimately succumbing to their condition.

Observation:

  • Histopathological examination revealed similar skin lesions in both seals, characterized by epidermal and follicular hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, degeneration, and necrosis.
  • Distinctive syncytial zones were observed, with superficial hyperkeratosis and deep hyperplastic basal cells.
  • Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were identified within epithelial cells.

Findings:

  • Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of morbilliviral antigen within the skin lesions.

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  • Phocine distemper virus (PDV) was definitively detected in skin tissues using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot hybridization.
  • This study represents the inaugural documentation of morbilliviral dermatitis in marine mammals.

    • Implications:

    • Identifies phocine distemper virus as a causative agent of severe dermatitis in pinnipeds.
    • Underscores the importance of diagnostic pathology in understanding emerging wildlife diseases.
    • Highlights potential threats to marine mammal populations from viral pathogens.