Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2026

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models
09:54

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

[Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of persons newly diagnosed of HIV infection]

J López De Munain1, M M Cámara, J M Santamaría

  • 1Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Basurto, Osakidetza-Servicio Vasco de Salud, Bilbao, Spain. munainj@ap.osakidetza.net

Medicina Clinica
|December 6, 2001
PubMed

Insights

This study highlights that sexual transmission is the primary route for new HIV infections. Older adults (over 50) and immigrants are disproportionately affected, often with late-stage diagnoses.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Characterizing individuals with recent Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) diagnoses is crucial for targeted public health interventions.
  • Understanding the demographics and transmission patterns of new HIV cases informs prevention strategies.

Purpose:

  • To describe the key characteristics of patients recently diagnosed with HIV infection.
  • To identify demographic factors associated with late-stage HIV diagnosis.

Summary:

  • A series of 126 new HIV infections were analyzed.
  • Sexual transmission accounted for 74% of infections.
  • Fifteen percent of cases were in individuals over 50 years old, and 16% were immigrants.
  • Late-stage diagnosis (Stage C) occurred in 36% of cases, significantly associated with individuals over 50 (OR: 5.1).

Impact:

  • Findings underscore the need for enhanced HIV surveillance systems.
  • Results emphasize the importance of improving HIV prevention services, particularly for vulnerable populations.
  • The study highlights the necessity of early detection and intervention to improve patient outcomes.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays13:58

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Published on: September 26, 2011

Related Concept Videos

Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Genital Herpes01:23

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Amebiasis01:28

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...