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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...

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Correction to: Reference microarchitectural values measured by HR-pQCT in a Franco-Swiss cohort of young adult women.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·2021
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Reference microarchitectural values measured by HR-pQCT in a Franco-Swiss cohort of young adult women.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2026

Bioluminescence and Near-infrared Imaging of Optic Neuritis and Brain Inflammation in the EAE Model of Multiple Sclerosis in Mice
08:05

Bioluminescence and Near-infrared Imaging of Optic Neuritis and Brain Inflammation in the EAE Model of Multiple Sclerosis in Mice

Published on: March 1, 2017

Infliximab-induced aseptic meningitis.

H Marotte, J E Charrin, P Miossec

    Lancet (London, England)
    |December 6, 2001
    PubMed
    Summary

    Aseptic meningitis occurred in a rheumatoid arthritis patient treated with infliximab, presenting as severe muscle pain and transient lymphocytic meningitis. This adverse reaction may stem from infliximab

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Rheumatology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease.
    • Infliximab is a biologic therapy targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha for RA.
    • Adverse drug reactions require thorough investigation.

    Observation:

    • A 53-year-old male patient with active RA experienced severe muscle pain post-infliximab infusion.
    • The patient developed transient lymphocytic meningitis after subsequent infusions.
    • Standard autoimmune markers and antibodies to neurons were not elevated.

    Findings:

    • No functional antibodies to infliximab were detected.
    • Elevated tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in cerebrospinal fluid were not observed.
    • The meningitis was aseptic, suggesting an indirect mechanism.

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    Published on: March 1, 2017

    Listeria monocytogenes Infection of the Brain
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    Listeria monocytogenes Infection of the Brain

    Published on: October 2, 2018

    Brain Ventricular Microinjections of Lipopolysaccharide into Larval Zebrafish to Assess Neuroinflammation and Neurotoxicity
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    Published on: August 23, 2022

    Implications:

    • This case suggests a potential link between infliximab and aseptic meningitis.
    • The inability of infliximab to cross the blood-brain barrier might explain the reaction.
    • Further research is needed to understand infliximab's central nervous system effects in RA patients.