Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Bovine Mammary Gland Biopsy Techniques
14:53

Bovine Mammary Gland Biopsy Techniques

Published on: December 23, 2018

Hazards of overconcentrated milk formula. Hyperosmolality, disseminated intravascular coagulation and gangrene

C A Abrams, L L Phillips, C Berkowitz

    JAMA
    |June 16, 1975
    PubMed

    Insights

    Overconcentrated infant formula caused severe dehydration, hyperglycemia, and complications including gangrene in an infant. Prompt medical intervention and amputations were necessary, highlighting the need for formula warnings.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Neonatology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Infant feeding practices are crucial for health.
    • Overly concentrated milk formulas pose significant risks.
    • Severe infant complications can arise from improper formula preparation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report a severe case of infant illness due to overconcentrated formula.
    • To emphasize the critical dangers of improper infant formula preparation.
    • To advocate for public health warnings on commercial milk products.

    Main Methods:

    • Case report of a 7-week-old infant girl.
    • Documented clinical presentation and complications.
    • Detailed treatment interventions including rehydration, dialysis, and medication.

    Main Results:

    • The infant developed severe hypertonic dehydration, hyperglycemia, renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, gangrene, and coma.
    • Medical interventions successfully corrected metabolic and coagulation issues, restoring renal function.
    • Bilateral below-the-knee amputations were required, with the child later learning to walk with prosthetics.

    Conclusions:

    • Overconcentrated infant formulas present a serious health hazard.
    • Urgent medical care is vital for managing severe complications.
    • Public health awareness and clear warnings on formula packaging are essential to prevent such incidents.

    More Related Videos

    Controlled Reversible Visceral Arterial Ischemia, Venous Congestion and Combined Malperfusion via Midline Laparotomy in Rats04:57

    Controlled Reversible Visceral Arterial Ischemia, Venous Congestion and Combined Malperfusion via Midline Laparotomy in Rats

    Published on: July 5, 2024

    A Mouse Model of Hemorrhagic Transformation Induced by Acute Hyperglycemia Combined with Transient Focal Ischemia09:35

    A Mouse Model of Hemorrhagic Transformation Induced by Acute Hyperglycemia Combined with Transient Focal Ischemia

    Published on: November 15, 2024

    Related Concept Videos

    Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

    Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

    Introduction
    Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
    Risk Factors
    The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
    Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction01:30

    Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction

    Drug–drug interactions can precipitate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Absorption interactions alter how drugs enter the body, exemplified when ranitidine increases the absorption of basic drugs, while cholestyramine decreases the levels of propranolol. Protein binding interactions occur when drugs share the same binding sites on plasma proteins. Drugs like aspirin and warfarin, when bound in excess, can lead to increased free drug concentrations, enhancing the potential for...
    Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

    Myocarditis I: Introduction

    Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
    Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

    Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

    Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
    Hyperglycemia01:29

    Hyperglycemia

    Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
    Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

    Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

    The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...