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Related Experiment Videos

Homogeneity, flatness, and "large" extra dimensions.

G D Starkman1, D Stojkovic, M Trodden

  • 1Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7079, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|December 12, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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This study models the universe as a brane within a larger space, explaining how bulk entropy injection smooths initial cosmic matter and curvature inhomogeneities.

Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Theoretical Physics
  • String Theory

Background:

  • The Standard Model of particle physics describes fundamental forces and particles.
  • Cosmological models explore the origin and evolution of the universe.
  • Kaluza-Klein theory suggests extra spatial dimensions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a cosmological model where the universe is a brane within a larger space.
  • To explain the origin of entropy in the observable universe.
  • To understand the smoothing of initial cosmic inhomogeneities.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling the universe as a direct product of a (3+1)-dimensional brane and a compact hyperbolic manifold.
  • Analyzing the decay of massive Kaluza-Klein modes.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Investigating the statistical averaging of entropy onto the brane.

    • Main Results:

    • The decay of Kaluza-Klein modes injects bulk entropy into the observable universe.
    • This entropy injection leads to large statistical averaging.
    • The process effectively smooths out initial inhomogeneities in matter distribution and three-curvature.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed brane model provides a mechanism for entropy injection and homogenization of the early universe.
    • This framework reconciles the confinement of Standard Model fields on a brane with bulk phenomena.
    • The model offers insights into the large-scale structure and uniformity of the cosmos.