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Genetic polymorphisms and lipid response to dietary changes in humans
R M Weggemans1, P L Zock, J M Ordovas
1Division of Human Nutrition and Epidemiology, Centre for Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6073 HD Wageningen, the Netherlands.
European Journal of Clinical Investigation
|December 12, 2001
Summary
Genetic variations in Apoprotein A4360 and cholesteryl ester transfer protein may influence cholesterol levels after dietary changes. However, these genetic factors alone do not predict individual responses to diet interventions.
Area of Science:
- Nutrigenomics
- Lipid Metabolism
- Human Genetics
Background:
- Previous research on genetic polymorphisms and serum cholesterol response to diet has yielded inconsistent findings.
- Small sample sizes in prior studies limited the ability to draw definitive conclusions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of 10 genetic polymorphisms on serum cholesterol responses to various dietary components.
- To analyze data from a large cohort across multiple dietary intervention trials.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 10 genetic polymorphisms in 405 participants across 26 dietary trials.
- Assessment of serum cholesterol, including low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, in response to dietary fats, cholesterol, and cafestol.
- Evaluation of responses over a 20-year period in mostly normolipidaemic subjects.
Main Results:
- The Apoprotein A4 360-2 allele was associated with an attenuated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to dietary cholesterol, particularly in men.
- Individuals with the cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqIb-1 allele showed smaller high-density lipoprotein cholesterol responses to diet compared to the 2/2 genotype.
- The influence of the remaining eight polymorphisms on cholesterol response was either inconsistent with prior studies or requires further validation.
Conclusions:
- Apolipoprotein A4360 and cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqIb polymorphisms show potential to modulate dietary responses related to lipid profiles.
- No single genotype emerged as a significant predictor of an individual's overall lipid response to dietary interventions.
- Current knowledge of these specific genotypes alone has limited utility in identifying individuals who would benefit from tailored dietary treatments.