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Updated: Aug 3, 2026
06:55
Fabrication of Small Caliber Stent-grafts Using Electrospinning and Balloon Expandable Bare Metal Stents
Published on: October 26, 2016
Balloon dilatation and stent implantation for vascular stenosis
1Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical, University, Tokyo, Japan. pnakanis@hij.twmu.ac.jp
Summary
Balloon angioplasty is effective for pulmonary artery stenosis and coarctation of the aorta. Optimizing techniques improves success rates for pulmonary artery stenosis, while coarctation of the aorta requires careful management to mitigate risks like re-stenosis and hypertension.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Interventional Cardiology
- Pediatric Cardiology
Background:
- Previous studies indicated low success rates and significant risks associated with balloon angioplasty for pulmonary artery stenosis and coarctation of the aorta.
- High mortality and morbidity were noted in earlier interventions for these conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review institutional experience and scientific literature on balloon angioplasty for pulmonary artery stenosis and coarctation of the aorta.
- To identify factors influencing success rates and complications of these procedures.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of institutional cases of balloon angioplasty for pulmonary artery stenosis and coarctation of the aorta.
- Comprehensive literature search of published reports on balloon angioplasty for these specific cardiovascular conditions.
Main Results:
- Balloon angioplasty for pulmonary artery stenosis achieved high success rates (80-90%) when performed with optimal timing, high-pressure balloons, stenting, and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).
- Major complications for pulmonary artery stenosis were low (3%), but coarctation of the aorta cases showed incomplete dilation (10-25%), aortic aneurysm (2-7%), re-stenosis, and long-term hypertension.
- Dilating the aorta until intimal tear signs appear may reduce re-stenosis rates in coarctation of the aorta patients.
Conclusions:
- Balloon angioplasty is an effective treatment for pulmonary artery stenosis, with optimized techniques enhancing success and minimizing complications.
- While effective for coarctation of the aorta, balloon angioplasty presents limitations including incomplete dilation, aneurysm risk, re-stenosis, and potential for long-term hypertension, necessitating careful patient selection and management.
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