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Biomechanical measurements in microscopically thin stratum comeum using acoustics.

T N Gardner1, G A Briggs

  • 1Oxford Orthopaedic Engineering Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Skin Research and Technology : Official Journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [And] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [And] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI)
|December 12, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Acoustic microscopy accurately measures stratum corneum mechanical properties after reagent exposure. This technique reliably indicates changes in skin layer properties due to substance imbibition.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • The stratum corneum, the skin's outermost layer, has critical mechanical properties.
  • Measuring these properties at a microscopic level presents significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) for assessing stratum corneum mechanical property changes.
  • To investigate the effects of aqueous reagents on skin layer thickness, density, wave velocity, and elastic constants.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 650 MHz scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) on 10 µm human skin sections.
  • Exposed specimens to glycerol, sodium chloride, and alpha-hydroxy caprylic acid (HCA) solutions.
  • Measured acoustic signal transmission parallel to epidermal layers.

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Main Results:

  • The SAM system provided repeatable and reliable measurements of stratum corneum mechanical property changes.
  • Acoustic measurements of thickness and density correlated well with optical and published data.
  • Observed discrepancies in elastic moduli trends compared to bulk extensibility tests were noted.

Conclusions:

  • The developed SAM is a reliable tool for evaluating stratum corneum mechanical property alterations.
  • Differences in elastic moduli trends are attributed to strain rate dependence and varying loading rates in testing.
  • Further research is needed to reconcile micro-scale acoustic findings with macro-scale mechanical tests.