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Related Concept Videos

The Scientific Method01:32

The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves formulating a question based on observation, developing a testable potential explanation for the observation (called a hypothesis), making and testing predictions based on the hypothesis, and using the findings to create new hypotheses and predictions.Generally, predictions are tested using carefully-designed experiments. Based on the outcome of these...
Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
Serum Laboratory Studies, Stool Test, Breath Test01:30

Serum Laboratory Studies, Stool Test, Breath Test

Gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostic studies are pivotal in confirming, ruling out, diagnosing, or staging various diseases, including cancers. Following diagnosis, allocating time for discussions with the patient and providing informational resources is crucial. Diagnostic assessments of the GI tract often occur in outpatient settings like endoscopy suites or GI labs. Preparation for these tests may include dietary restrictions, fasting, liquid bowel preparations, laxatives, enemas, and the...
Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Diagnostic Necropsy and Selected Tissue and Sample Collection in Rats and Mice
09:13

Diagnostic Necropsy and Selected Tissue and Sample Collection in Rats and Mice

Published on: August 7, 2011

The postmortem examination. Scientific necessity or folly?

S Burrows

    JAMA
    |August 4, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Autopsies reveal significant discrepancies between clinical diagnoses and postmortem findings in nearly 12% of adult inpatients. While cancer misdiagnoses were common, most were clinically insignificant, questioning the value of routine autopsies.

    Area of Science:

    • Pathology
    • Medical Diagnosis
    • Clinical Auditing

    Background:

    • Autopsies are crucial for verifying clinical diagnoses and understanding disease progression.
    • The routine autopsy's value may be diminishing due to advancements in diagnostic technologies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the discrepancies between clinical diagnoses and postmortem findings in adult inpatients.
    • To assess the clinical significance of these discrepancies, particularly in cases of malignant neoplasm.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of 252 autopsies performed on adult inpatients.
    • Analysis of major postmortem findings compared against clinical diagnoses.
    • Categorization of diagnostic errors based on clinical significance.

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    Main Results:

    • Substantial differences between clinical diagnoses and postmortem findings were observed in 30 cases (11.9%).
    • Errors in diagnosing malignant neoplasm occurred in 25.7% of cancer patients, but 97.3% were of academic interest only.
    • In at least half of the discrepant cases, the clinical errors were of academic interest only.

    Conclusions:

    • Current diagnostic techniques may reduce the value of the "routine" autopsy.
    • Postmortem examinations should focus on selected cases rather than a fixed percentage of deaths.
    • A shift towards targeted postmortem examinations could improve the utility of autopsy findings.