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Dopamine as a prolactin (PRL) inhibitor.

N Ben-Jonathan1, R Hnasko

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA. Nira.Ben-Jonathan@uc.edu

Endocrine Reviews
|December 12, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Dopamine, a key neurotransmitter, regulates prolactin (PRL) release by inhibiting pituitary lactotrophs. Understanding dopamine-PRL interactions is crucial for treating hyperprolactinemia and related reproductive disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Molecular Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Dopamine is a critical neurotransmitter involved in various brain functions and diseases like Parkinson's and schizophrenia.
  • Advances in understanding dopamine's metabolism, release, reuptake, and receptor mechanisms are significant.
  • Dopamine plays a vital role in regulating pituitary hormone secretion, particularly prolactin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the intricate mechanisms of dopamine's action on pituitary lactotrophs.
  • To understand the role of dopamine in maintaining prolactin (PRL) homeostasis.
  • To explore the implications of dopamine-PRL interactions in human health and disease, including hyperprolactinemia.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of dopamine biosynthetic enzymes, transporters, and receptors.
  • Investigation of dopamine's effects on pituitary lactotrophs, including calcium fluxes and signaling pathways.
  • Utilizing transgenic animal models to study dopamine-PRL interactions and their physiological consequences.

Main Results:

  • Dopamine inhibits prolactin (PRL) release by binding to type-2 receptors on pituitary lactotrophs.
  • Dopamine suppresses PRL gene expression, lactotroph proliferation, and secretory activity.
  • PRL homeostasis is maintained by a balance between dopamine's inhibitory action and other stimulatory factors.

Conclusions:

  • Dopamine is a primary inhibitor of prolactin secretion, essential for neuroendocrine balance.
  • Dysregulation of dopamine-PRL interactions contributes to hyperprolactinemia, a cause of reproductive disturbances.
  • Development of effective dopaminergic drugs has significantly improved hyperprolactinemia treatment.

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