Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 13, 2026
09:14
Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes
Published on: June 13, 2014
Cytokines regulate membrane adenosine deaminase on human activated lymphocytes
O J Cordero1, F J Salgado, C M Fernández-Alonso
1Department of Biochemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Journal of Leukocyte Biology
|December 12, 2001
Summary
Cytokines like IL-2 and IL-12 boost cell surface adenosine deaminase (ADA) and CD26 on T cells, while IL-4 decreases ADA. This surface ADA protects lymphocytes from adenosine toxicity, aiding immune regulation.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- CD26 is a lymphocyte marker involved in anchoring adenosine deaminase (ADA) to the T cell surface.
- Cytokine-mediated regulation of cell surface proteins plays a crucial role in immune responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how cytokines modulate the expression and localization of ADA and CD26 on T cells.
- To determine the functional significance of cell surface ADA in protecting lymphocytes.
Main Methods:
- Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting were used to analyze ADA and CD26 expression.
- Experiments assessed the effects of various cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, IL-4) on T cell activation.
- Brefeldin A was used to study protein translocation mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Interleukin-2 and IL-12 up-regulated both ecto-ADA and CD26 expression on T cells.
- Interleukin-4 down-regulated lymphocyte surface ADA but did not affect CD26 levels.
- Cytokines regulated ADA translocation to the cell surface independently of CD26, without altering ADA transcription or translation.
- Cell surface ADA protected activated lymphocytes from extracellular adenosine toxicity.
Conclusions:
- Cytokines fine-tune the immune response by regulating cell surface ADA localization on T cells.
- This regulation of ecto-ADA is a novel mechanism in adenosine-mediated signaling via purinergic receptors in leukocytes.
- The findings highlight a distinct pathway for cytokine control over ADA activity on the cell surface.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:45Positive Regulator Molecules
To consistently produce healthy cells, the cell cycle—the process that generates daughter cells—must be precisely regulated.
02:39Positive Regulator Molecules
Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
02:34Inhibition of Cdk Activity
The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
01:15Receptor Downregulation in MVBs
Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR activation may...
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR activation may...
01:20The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway
Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as SH2...
01:27Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...