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Related Experiment Videos

Coccidioidomycosis complicating solid organ transplantation.

J L Logan1, J E Blair, J N Galgiani

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ 85723, USA.

Seminars in Respiratory Infections
|December 12, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Coccidioidomycosis is a significant risk for solid-organ transplant recipients in North America. Early diagnosis via serologic tests and prompt treatment with antifungals are crucial for managing this endemic mycosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Transplant Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Coccidioidomycosis is the most frequent endemic mycosis causing disease in North American solid-organ transplant patients.
  • Risk factors include underlying renal/liver disease, immunosuppression from antirejection drugs, and viral infections like cytomegalovirus.
  • Approximately 50% of cases result from reactivation of prior infection, often within the first year post-transplant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and management of coccidioidomycosis in solid-organ transplant recipients.
  • To highlight the importance of diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on coccidioidomycosis in solid-organ transplant patients.
  • Analysis of diagnostic methods including serologic tests and bronchoscopy with culture.

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  • Summary of current therapeutic approaches and ongoing research in prophylaxis.

    • Main Results:

    • Pulmonary symptoms are most common, despite a high rate of disseminated infection.
    • Bronchoscopy with culture is a frequent diagnostic method.
    • Serologic tests are valuable for identifying high-risk patients for reactivation.

    Conclusions:

    • Coccidioidomycosis poses a significant threat to solid-organ transplant recipients, with reactivation being common.
    • Prompt diagnosis and treatment with amphotericin B or azoles are essential.
    • Prophylactic strategies, including azole antifungals, are under investigation for at-risk individuals.