Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Structural and Energetic Effects of the 2-Amino and 2'- and 3'-Hydroxy Substituents of Protonated Guanosine Nucleosides: IRMPD, ER-CID, and Theoretical Studies of Protonated Guanosine and Inosine Nucleosides.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·2025
Same author

Influence of 2'-Modifications (O-Methylation, Fluorination, and Stereochemical Inversion) on the Base Pairing Energies of Protonated Cytidine Nucleoside Analogue Base Pairs: Implications for the Stabilities of

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·2023
Same author

Structural Determination of Lysine-Linked Cisplatin Complexes via IRMPD Action Spectroscopy: NN<sub>s</sub> and NO<sup>-</sup> Binding Modes of Lysine to Platinum Coexist.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2022
Same author

5-Halogenation of Uridine Suppresses Protonation-Induced Tautomerization and Enhances Glycosidic Bond Stability of Protonated Uridine: Investigations via IRMPD Action Spectroscopy, ER-CID Experiments, and Theoretical Calculations.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·2022
Same author

Influence of 5-Halogenation on the Base-Pairing Energies of Protonated Cytidine Nucleoside Analogue Base Pairs: Implications for the Stabilities of Synthetic <i>i</i>-Motif Structures for DNA Nanotechnology Applications.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·2022
Same author

Non-redundant requirement for CXCR3 signalling during tumoricidal T-cell trafficking across tumour vascular checkpoints.

Nature communications·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma
08:05

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma

Published on: May 14, 2012

Variant eotaxin: its effects on the asthma phenotype.

H Nakamura1, A D Luster, T Nakamura

  • 1Combined Program in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|December 14, 2001
PubMed
Summary

The THR(23) eotaxin variant, common in asthma, reduces eosinophil counts and improves lung function. This finding offers new insights into chemokine genetics and asthma management.

More Related Videos

Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure
08:17

Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure

Published on: August 25, 2017

Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation
08:44

Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation

Published on: May 30, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma
08:05

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma

Published on: May 14, 2012

Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure
08:17

Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure

Published on: August 25, 2017

Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation
08:44

Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation

Published on: May 30, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Eotaxin, a CC chemokine found in asthmatic lungs, is linked to reduced lung function.
  • The specific role of eotaxin gene variants in asthma remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the population frequency and functional impact of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the eotaxin gene.
  • This SNP results in a threonine (THR) substitution for alanine (ALA) at amino acid position 23 (THR(23)) in the peptide leader sequence.

Main Methods:

  • Eotaxin protein secretion was measured in cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
  • A case-control study assessed plasma eotaxin levels and eosinophil counts.
  • Lung function was compared by genotype in 806 asthmatic subjects.
  • Allele frequencies were compared between asthmatic and non-asthmatic populations.

Main Results:

  • Cells expressing the THR(23) eotaxin variant secreted less eotaxin protein compared to the wild-type ALA(23).
  • Individuals with the THR(23)-THR(23) genotype had significantly lower plasma eotaxin levels and eosinophil counts than ALA(23)-ALA(23) subjects.
  • Higher lung function (percent predicted FEV(1)) was associated with the THR(23) eotaxin variant.

Conclusions:

  • The THR(23) eotaxin variant is associated with reduced eosinophil counts in asthmatic individuals.
  • The THR(23) variant correlates with improved lung function parameters in asthma patients.