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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic Reactions02:06

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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

An Ex vivo Mast Cell Degranulation Assay using Crude Peritoneal Exudate Cells and Natural Antigen Stimulation
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Anaphylaxis to gelatin-containing rectal suppositories.

M Sakaguchi1, S Inouye

  • 1Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|December 14, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Children experiencing anaphylaxis after using gelatin suppositories had detectable antigelatin IgE. This indicates gelatin in rectal suppositories can cause allergic reactions, necessitating cautious use.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacovigilance

Background:

  • Gelatin sensitization can occur in a subset of children.
  • Rectal suppositories are a potential route for gelatin exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the association between antigelatin IgE and anaphylaxis in children.
  • To investigate gelatin as the causative agent in suppository-induced anaphylaxis.

Main Methods:

  • Serum samples from 10 children with systemic allergic reactions to a gelatin-containing suppository were analyzed.
  • Antigelatin IgE levels were measured and compared to a control group of 250 children.

Main Results:

  • All 10 children with reactions had detectable antigelatin IgE, unlike the control group.
  • Allergic reactions ranged from urticaria to severe anaphylaxis with hypotension and cyanosis.
  • Findings strongly suggest gelatin in the suppository caused the observed allergic reactions.

Conclusions:

  • Gelatin in rectal suppositories can trigger significant allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.
  • Caution is advised when using gelatin-containing suppositories, similar to gelatin in vaccines and medications.