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Ultrastructural observations on mast cell degranulation and its prevention
Nouvelle Revue Francaise D'Hematologie
|January 1, 1979
Summary
Calcium chloride (CaCl2) triggers rapid mast cell degranulation and cell destruction. Salbutamol sulfate (Sal. Sulf.), chlorpheniramine maleate (CM), and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) effectively prevent these surface changes.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Mast cells play a crucial role in allergic and inflammatory responses.
- Mast cell degranulation releases mediators that contribute to tissue damage.
- Understanding mast cell stabilization is key to developing anti-allergic therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the surface alterations of rat peritoneal mast cells during calcium chloride-induced degranulation.
- To evaluate the preventive effects of salbutamol sulfate, chlorpheniramine maleate, and disodium cromoglycate on mast cell degranulation.
- To compare the mechanisms of action of these agents on mast cell surface and internal structures.
Main Methods:
- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe surface changes in mast cells.
- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to examine internal cellular structures.
- Mast cells were treated with calcium chloride (CaCl2) to induce degranulation.
- The effects of salbutamol sulfate (Sal. Sulf.), chlorpheniramine maleate (CM), and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on degranulation were assessed.
Main Results:
- CaCl2 induced rapid mast cell degranulation, with visible protuberances at 30s, advanced degranulation at 60-75s, and cell destruction by 180s.
- Sal. Sulf., CM, and DSCG effectively prevented the surface alterations associated with CaCl2-induced degranulation.
- TEM analysis revealed that Sal. Sulf. and CM primarily acted on the cell membrane, while DSCG stabilized both the cell membrane and internal organelles.
Conclusions:
- Disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) demonstrated superior efficacy in preventing both surface and internal mast cell damage compared to salbutamol sulfate and chlorpheniramine maleate.
- Salbutamol sulfate and chlorpheniramine maleate appear to act primarily by stabilizing the mast cell cytoplasmic membrane.
- DSCG acts as a comprehensive stabilizer for mast cells, protecting both membrane integrity and internal structures.