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Men gain additional psychological benefits by adding exercise to a weight-loss program.

M Kiernan1, A C King, M L Stefanick

  • 1Stanford Center for Research in Disease Prevention, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA. mkiernan@stanford.edu

Obesity Research
|December 18, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Adding exercise to weight-loss programs improved psychological outcomes for men by increasing restraint and reducing hunger. However, women did not experience additional psychological benefits from diet plus exercise compared to diet alone.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Weight loss attempts often involve psychological distress.
  • Diet and exercise interventions are common for weight management.
  • Understanding psychological outcomes of weight loss programs is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the psychological benefits of a diet-plus-exercise weight-loss program.
  • To compare psychological outcomes between diet-plus-exercise, diet-only, and control groups.
  • To assess the impact on weight control-specific and general psychological distress measures.

Main Methods:

  • 1-year randomized controlled trial with 264 overweight adults.
  • Intervention groups: diet-plus-exercise, diet-only, and assessment-only control.

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  • Measured psychological variables including restraint, disinhibition, hunger, body dissatisfaction, depression, anxiety, and stress.

    • Main Results:

    • Both weight-loss groups (diet-plus-exercise and diet-only) showed improved restraint, reduced disinhibition, and less hunger compared to the control group.
    • Men in the diet-plus-exercise group had greater improvements in restraint and hunger reduction than men in the diet-only group.
    • Women in the diet-plus-exercise group did not show additional psychological benefits over the diet-only group, despite improved aerobic capacity.

    Conclusions:

    • The psychological changes observed in men in the diet-plus-exercise group mirror those of successful weight maintainers.
    • Innovative strategies are needed to enhance and sustain psychological benefits of weight loss, particularly for women.
    • Exercise may offer specific psychological advantages for men in weight loss programs.